Malcolm X :: essays research papers

Malcolm X   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the U.S there have been a lot of people who’ve had political influence in our government, and the person that interested me the most was Malcolm X. Malcolm X was a African American civil rights leader who fought so African Americans could get the same rights like everyone else. Malcolm X was born on May 19, 1925 in Omaha, Nebraska. Before, his name was Malcolm Little, but later changed it to Malcolm X when he joined the Nation of Islam. Like many political leaders, Malcolm X had his own method of how he thought was the right action to use to get his objective. To accomplish the goal of desegregation and equality of black people, â€Å"he believed that black people should get their rights by any means necessary†# He criticized nonviolence and opposed those who favored or used it. Malcolm X went throughout the North and the South making speeches about his ideas and what he thought was right, and he encouraged all black people to fight for their righ ts and protection. As he became more popular and well known by everyone, he influenced people by giving black people the courage to stand up for themselves and fight back, made a lot of them join him with his ideas, and criticized the government for all the bad things it was doing.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In his speeches, Malcolm X spoke about fighting back against those who were hurting them or were in the way. One way that he enlightened them was, â€Å"Malcolm made blacks feel good about themselves†¦he allowed them to have self-esteem and convinced them they had power.†# In order for all black people to fight back and demand their rights, they had to have high self-esteem and make them feel they had power in order for them to put up a good fight and give them motivation to fight, and he did this through his speeches. He also made them fight against white people by â€Å"exposing the white man for the devil he was.†# By making white people look bad, it would make more black people to want to fight for their rights and use violence if they were threatened. All this was part of his method of â€Å"any means necessary.†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Another way he had political influence was, he convinced and made a lot of people to join him and his ideas as to accomplish their goals. One way he convinced people was by â€Å"preaching about his beliefs from the Nation of Islam and why they where the right ideas.

Outline and Evaluate the Psychodynamic Model of Abnormality

Outline and evaluate the psychodynamic model of abnormality. (12 Marks) The psychodynamic model (which is based on Freud’s theories) states that abnormalities are results of a conflict which has gone wrong in the â€Å"psyche† (in the mind). Freud’s idea states that the psyche – which is made up of the (id, ego and superego), should all work in perfect harmony with each other to avoid being an abnormal person.It is the idea that conscious thoughts and feelings are determined by the unconscious mind, and essentially being mentally healthy requires a good balance between: the id (which controls the desires for which we live for in order to satisfy ourselves), the superego (which takes into consideration morals and the difference between right and wrong) and the ego (which balances the superego and id to keep our behaviour in check).From these 3 components in the psyche, you can quickly see that the id and superego are constantly in conflict. This ultimately means that for a person to not develop a psychological disorder – a strong ego is necessary as it will â€Å"get the best of both worlds† and create a balance, while allowing the superego and id to express themselves (when suitable), without dominating the personality and hence, causing a psychological disorder.An example of an abnormality which could occur from the id being too strong in kids (is developing conduct disorders). In adults (they become psychopaths), all because of the personality being taken over by the id. If the superego is too strong socially acceptable pleasures will be hard to come by as neurotic behaviours such as phobias and obsessions will be apparent, as they will be constantly fixated with things that they want to do but â€Å"cant† because their too scared.Freud thought that the childhood of an individual was essential in the development of personality and that all abnormal behaviours are linked to childhood. There are different ages as sociated with different stages. An example of this is the oral stage which usually happens between (0-18 months) – the focus of pleasure is the mouth (feeding or dummy) and if this is fixated upon, this could lead to overeating or smoking in order to comfort themselves and their mouth. Another example is the anal stage (2-4 years).A conflict may arise when potty training as if the child receives either excessive punishment or the parents are too lenient during this stage it can lead to a fixation which will be taken to adult life. The end result could either be a person who has an anal retentive personality (stubborn perfectionist obsessed with tidiness) or an anal repulsive personality (messy person with no self-control), according to Freud. The evaluation of Freud’s model is that many detailed pieces of data were obtained as it was a case study.The findings did support Freud’s hypotheses and theories. However Freud’s ideas were very subjective as not mu ch – if any scientific data was produced to back his work up. This therefore raises question marks over the reliability of his findings and theories. Also the evidence from the case study came from his own patients who could compel us to think that his results are unreliable, as his patients may have been biased and essentially gave the answers Freud wanted, because they were his patients.

How criminals have adapted to technology Essay

Technology has made our world increasingly open and vulnerable (Goodman, 2012). As companies develop amazing technology for good purposes, criminals can use that same technology to hurt people. It is a bad assumption to believe that crime-stopping technology cannot be used against the system. Lawbreakers can develop and use technology for the sole purpose of committing crimes and new technologies produce the risks of unanticipated, undesirable risks and consequences (Cole, Smith, & DeJong, 2014). There are so many different types of new technology that criminals use and that the system uses. Criminals use cyber-crime to break into people’s accounts, and counterfeiting to steal from companies, just to name a couple. Police use computers a lot for their work. New programs, like the Geographic Information System, are useful for mapping problem locations to deal with specific crime. All kinds of information can be collected in law enforcement databases: fingerprints, tattoos, DNA samples, and gun/ballistic records. I think the biggest threat to society from their adaptation is the fact that personal information is so open to the public now. Criminals have grown with the technology and know how to get credit card numbers, addresses, and so much that is very dangerous for them to have and abuse. Reference Cole, G., Smith, C., & DeJong, C. (2014). Criminal justice in america (7th ed.). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth. Goodman, M. (2012). How technology makes us vulnerable. CNN Opinion. Retrieved from http://www.cnn.com/2012/07/29/opinion/goodman-ted-crime/.